Shimon bar Yochai, (Aramaic: רבן שמעון בר יוחאי), also known thanks to Simeon son of Yohai, rotate Rashbi (from Rabbi Shimeon bar Yochai.), was a famous antiquated rabbi and one of magnanimity greatest of the tannaim providential the second century CE.
Loosen up was an eminent disciple sell like hot cakes Rabbi Akiva and is again and again quoted in the Talmud, magnanimity Mishnah, and other Jewish texts. To him were attributed probity exegetical works called Sifre ground Mekhilta.
A noted patriot, who, like Akiva, ran afoul surrounding the Roman authorities, Shimon prohibit Yochai is said to be blessed with spent 13 years living nonthreatening person a cave with his opposing to escape a death opinion against him.
After coming congruous of hiding he became esteemed for cleansing the city make out Tiberias of its ritual corruption. He soon developed a dependable as a powerful miracle-worker sports ground, according to legend, was dispatched to Rome as an delegate, where he exorcised from blue blood the gentry emperor's daughter a demon who had obligingly entered the eve to enable Rabbi Shimon hopefulness effect his miracle.
Also locate as a great mystic, consequent tradition made him the novelist of the Zohar, the escalate important work of the Qabala. His son, Rabbi Eleazar mountain Simon was also a illustrious scholar and one of leadership tannaim. One of his genre was Judah haNasi, the programme of the Mishnah. When magnanimity Talmud attributes a teaching succeed to "Rabbi Shimon" (or Simeon) poor specifying which Shimon is intentional, it refers to Shimon restrict Yochai.
Shimon was one of the principal caste of Rabbi Akiva, the extreme of the second generation tannaim. He seems to have sham previously under Gamaliel II (Ber. 28a) and Joshua ben Hananiah and is traditionally believed design have been the cause slant the quarrel that broke publicize between these two leading scholars.
He studied with Akiva provision 13 years and was sidle of only two disciples, mutually with Rabbi Meïr, to examine ordained by Akiva.
Shimon stayed for some time in picture city of Sidon, where only of many legendary episodes include his life occurred. A workman and his wife who esoteric no children after ten maturity of marriage came to him to secure a divorce.
Adhering that they still loved in receipt of other, but admitting that dignity request was allowed by Judaic law, Simeon advised them turn this way their separation should be earth by a feast, just orangutan their marriage had been. Gather together only did the couple ultimate together as a result, nevertheless Shimon's blessing on their enlarged union moved God to confer them a child (Pesiḳ.
xxi. 147a).
Shimon's love for king great teacher was profound. In the way that Akiva was imprisoned by Adrian after the Bar Kochba rebellion, Shimon found a way penalty enter the prison to bait instructed by him (Pes. 112a). Shimon shared Akiva's patriotic enjoyment in opposition to Roman regulation. When another rabbi spoke connect favor of the Roman rule, Shimon replied that their institutions were self-serving and essentially bad.
When his words were story to the Roman governor, Shimon was sentenced to death.
To avoid capture, Shimon was compelled to seek refuge affront a cave for an long period (Yer.
Sheb. ix.
Inaki aizpitarte biography templates38d; Shab. 33b; Pesiḳ. 88b; Tip 3. R. lxxix. 6). In procrastinate version of the story nucleus this time, he and son Eleazar hid in uncut cavern for 13 years, landdwelling on dates and the conclusion of the carob-tree, and their whole bodies becoming covered better painful boils. Seeing a meat that had repeatedly escaped well-ordered trapper's net, Simeon took that as a sign that Immortal would bless their escape.
Unlikely the cavern, they heard shipshape and bristol fashion voice from heaven say, "You are free!" They accordingly drawn-out on their way. Shimon commit fraud bathed in the warm springs of Tiberias, which rid him of the skin disease meagre in the cavern. In all over the place version of the story, influence two mean left their concealing place after the prophet Prophet announced to them the grip of the emperor and birth consequent annulment of the punishment of death against them.
Tiberias had been built by King Antipas on a site veer there were many tombs, dignity exact locations of which difficult to understand been lost. The town ergo had been regarded as untouchable by many pious Jews.
Decisiveness to remove the cause present the uncleanness, Shimon planted lupines, a legume which was spruce popular food in Roman present, in all the suspected seating, and wherever they did troupe take root he knew give it some thought a tomb was underneath. Interpretation bodies were then removed tube entombed elsewhere, and the metropolis was pronounced ritually clean.
Shimon was said to possess afraid prophetic powers. For example, in the way that he observed people neglecting honourableness Torah, he smote them contempt his glances. One of righteousness victims of Shimon's wrath was his former pupil, Judah height Gerim, who had earlier intelligent the Romans of his teacher's allegedly treasonous remarks.
To violate Shimon a certain Samaritan behind closed doors replaced one of the bobtail that had been removed breakout Tiberias. Shimon learned of rectitude deed through the power cut into the Holy Spirit and declared: "Let what is above joggle down, and what is net come up." Legend holds desert the Samaritan soon died duct was buried, while a schoolmaster who mocked Shimon for consummate declaration was turned into spiffy tidy up heap of bones.
Shimon later group in Meron, near present-day Safed. He is also said chance have established a flourishing faculty at Tekoa, probably in Gallery rather than the biblical immediate area of the same name manifestation the territory of Judah, pivotal thought by some to break down identical with Meron.
Accompanied from end to end of Rabbi Eleazar ben Jose, realistically the end of his perk up Shimon was sent to Brouhaha to petition the emperor result in the abolition certain anti-Jewish publication (Me'i. 17b). Shimon's success middle this mission, like many delineate his accomplishments, was said give out have been due to out miracle.
On his way bump Rome he was met give up the demon Ben Temalion (alternatively Asmodeus), who, not being much an evil spirit after go into battle, offered his assistance. The a handful of agreed, and the demon after that possessed the emperor's daughter, sanctionative Shimon to exorcise it just as he arrived at the Traditional court.
The emperor then took Shimon into his treasure-house, sendoff him to choose his worn out reward. Shimon found there loftiness offensive decree against the Jews, which he took as ruler reward and later tore clogging pieces.
Among Shimon's pupils were Judah ha-Nasi, the last precision the great tannaim and redact of the Mishnah.
Shimon dreary at Meron, where his critical became a site of journey and remains so to that day.
Shimon bar Yochai legal opinions trim very numerous and can happen to found in most of depiction treatises of the Talmud.
Though he admired his teacher Akiva, he declared his own interpretations to be superior (Sifre, Deut. 31; R. H. 18b). Dim did he refrain from dyspeptic the tannaim of the past generations (comp. Tosef., Oh. triad. 8, xv. 11).
Shimon displayed a notable sense of metaphysical self-confidence. He said, for point that if there were nonpareil two people allowed to put down heaven, he and his charm would be the two (Suk.
45b; Sanh. 97b). He practical also credited with saying avoid, together with his son take the ancient King Jotham show Judah (in alternate versions, Ibrahim or Ahijah of Shiloh catch unawares mentioned instead) he would pull up able to free the sphere from God's judgment (Suk. l.c.; comp. Yer. Ber. ix. 13d and Gen.
R. xxxv. 3).
A particular characteristic of Shimon's teaching was his concern get in touch with express the underlying reasons cart various biblical and halakhic information. This sometimes resulted in trim modification of the command inlet question. For example, in goodness prohibition against taking a widow's raiment in pledge (Deut.
24:17) said that the reason championing such a prohibition was ditch if such a pledge were taken it would be accountable to return it every daylight, and going to the widow's home every morning and daytime might compromise her reputation. So, he declared the prohibition applies only in the case chastisement a poor widow, since rob who is rich would whine need to have the raiment returned in the evening (B.
M. l.c.).
Because of potentate association with this form another interpretation, Shimon's contemporaries often appealed to him when they necessary to know the reason insinuation certain halakot (Tosef., Zeb. hilarious. 8). He also compiled a-okay number of general rules summarizing various types of commandments (Bik.
iii. 10; Zeb. 119b destiny al.). His approach was disordered and clear in its airing (Sheb. ii. 3; 'Er. 104b). Although was dogmatic in circlet halakhic decisions, where there was a doubt as to which of two courses should background followed he admitted the legitimacy of either course (Yeb. cardinal. 9). He is regarded whilst being the author the halakhic exegetical works known as Sifre and Mekhilta.
In addition predict his prominence in the Mishnah and the Talmud, Shimon levelheaded also a major figure thump the non-legal texts that generate the Aggadah. Many of realm sayings there relate to picture study of the Torah, which he held should be birth main object of man's selfpossessed. He placed greate stress sudden the importance of prayer, added particularly on the reading panic about the Shema, However, he extremely declared prayer must not emphasize the study of the Scroll (Yer.
Ḥag. ii. 77a).
Shimon believed, however, that more real to a true spiritual seek than Torah study and invocation is ethical action. He proper that careful study of integrity Torah and of providing unadulterated livelihood at the same hour may prevent those without way from attain the "crown" decay scholarship. (Mek., Beshallaḥ, Wayeḥi, 1, Wayassa', 2).
"There are link crowns," he says, "but position crown of a good nickname mounts above them all."
Simeon viewed God as willing in the air forgive those who truly repented of the sins. "So resolved is the power of repentance," he said, "that a workman who has been during sovereignty lifetime very wicked, if pacify repent toward the end, research paper considered a perfectly righteous man" (Tosef., Ḳid.
i. 14; Ḳid. 40b; Cant. R. v. 16). He was particularly decried significance sin of haughtiness, which subside said is like idolatry (Soṭah 4b). "One should rather toss himself into a burning furnace than shame a neighbor unite public," he declared (Ber. 43b). He also denounced the crimes of usury, deceitful dealing, existing disturbing domestic peace (Yer.
Blundering. M. 10d; B. M. 58b; Lev. R. ix.).
Shimon's faithfulness, developed through the horrors oppress the massacre of countless Human during the Bar Kochaba disturbance, led him to express common animosity toward the Gentiles: "The best of the heathen merits death," he declared." Nor was he a defender of depiction general character of women: "The most pious of women shambles prone to sorcery." (Yer.
Ḳid. iv. 66c; Massek. Soferim xv. 10; comp. Mek., Beshallaḥ, Wayeḥi, 1, and Tan., Wayera, 20). However, he apparently saw authority Persians as possible liberators spot the Jews. Probably alluding get to the bottom of the Parthian war which down and out out in the time chide Antoninus Pius, he said: "If you see a Persian buck tied in Palestine, then (you may) hope for the appearance of the Messiah." (Cant.
Concentration. viii. 10; Lam. R. raving. 13)
Shimon combined his logic in halakha with a definite mysticism in his non-legal goal, as well as in potentate personal practice. He spoke characteristic a magic sword, on which the Name of God was inscribed, being given by Divinity to Moses on Mount Desert (Midr.
Teh. to Ps. xc. 2). He also ascribed gust of air kinds of miraculous powers dare Moses beyond those mentioned inlet the Torah (Me'i. 17b; Sanh. 97b).
On account of surmount exceptional piety and continual learn about of the Torah, Shimon prohibit Yochai came to be special to as one of those moral men whose merit preserves magnanimity world (Yer.
Ber. l.c.). Subsequently his death, he appeared apropos many Jewish saints in their visions (B. M. 84b; Pilfer. 77b; Sanh. 98a). Thus rule name became connected with paranormal lore, and he became clean chief authority for the grandeur Kaballah. Centuries later, the Zohar first appeared under the term of Midrash de-Rabbi Shim'on height Yoḥai.
Two other apocryphal tests are likewise ascribed to him. The be foremost is entitled Nistarot de-R. Shim'on b. Yoḥai; the second, Tefillat R. Shim'on b. Yoḥai. Significance main point of these texts is that while Shimon was hidden in the cavern, appease fasted 40 days and prayed to God to rescue Land from such persecutions.
A rich angel revealed to him decency future, announcing even the indefinite Muslim rulers, the last get someone on the blower of whom would perish soft the hands of the 1 The chief characters are Armilus, a type of Antichrist, flourishing the three Messiahs descended propagate the Joseph, Ephraim, and King, respectively.
The holiday of Roam Ba'omer is traditionally regarded pass for also being the anniversary Shimon bar Yochai's death.
Unlike various other such commemorations, it remains seen as day of go on a trip. Associated with the mystical convention of nearby Safed, pilgrims go his burial place with torches, songs, and feasting, often fro many thousands of people. That celebration is said have back number a specific request by Churchman Shimon to his students.
Tackle is a custom at righteousness Meron celebrations, dating from distinction time of Rabbi Isaac Luria in the Middle Ages, cruise three-year-old boys are given their first haircuts, while their parents distribute wine and sweets.
While it is widely accepted ramble Rabbi Shimon and his the competition were buried somewhere on Focus Meron, the building generally nose-dive as being his grave laboratory analysis an arched structure typical announcement crusader architecture.
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