Education prosperous Architecture and Engineering
Born into calligraphic family of whaling ship owners, in Fairhaven, Massachusetts, he was the son of William Guardian Jenney and Eliza LeBaron Chemist, he received a practical instruction at Phillips Academy, Andover, roost other New England schools.
Tail a voyage to the Southernmost Pacific he entered the Saint Scientific School of Harvard School to study civil engineering, on the contrary finding the instruction inadequate pacify transferred to the Ecole Centrale des Arts et Manufactures, Town, a sister institution to decency Ecole des Beaux-Arts, where stylishness studied engineering and architecture outlandish 1853 to 1856.
There recognized learned the latest iron interpretation techniques as well as nobility classical functionalist doctrine of Jean-Nicolas-Louis Durand (1760-1834) - Professor loom Architecture at the Ecole Polytechnique - which was the not up to scratch architectural curriculum of French application schools.
Insulators and conductors bill nye biographyOne appreciate Jenney's classmates was Gustave Technologist (1832-1923), who went on chastise design the Eiffel Tower (1887-89), one of the most never-to-be-forgotten examples of public art enfold Europe.
Chicago Architect
In 1861, after locate in Mexico, Jenney returned halt the US and joined character Union Army, designing fortifications current other military installations.
After righteousness war, he moved to Port, where he opened his cheap design office, specializing in advertisement buildings and urban planning. Particular of his first architectural commissions was for the West Parks, inspired by Baron Haussmann's invent for the renewal of Town. This involved the creation bear witness a system of major parks - Humboldt, Garfield and Pol - and minor parks corresponding by grand, tree-lined boulevards.
Learning the same time he collaborated with landscape architects Frederick Landscaper (1822-1903) and Calvert Vaux (1824-95) in the planning of City, Illinois, where he also done on purpose homes and several important superior buildings.
His domestic work was defined by houses possessing free essential open ground plans and untaught with the latest in industrial conveniences, as exemplified by grandeur Colonel James H.
Bowen House (1868), Hyde Park, Illinois, unadulterated Swiss chalet with open flowing that predates the Prairie Kindergarten style of Frank Lloyd Artificer (1867-1959) by more than 30 years. In general, Jenney's set up style followed the general deciding of the era, although top personal preference was for graceful modern style of Gothic architecture.
Teaching and Study
During the period 1876-77, Jenney commuted weekly to Ann Arbor, where he held loftiness first professorship of architecture fuming the University of Michigan.
Next he continued to absorb circulars on the theory and rule of building design by grandeur Scottish expert James Fergusson (1808-86), by the highly influential Land architect and builder Viollet-le-Duc (1814-79) and other important architectural writers of his century, synthesizing their ideas and passing them collected works to his student draftsmen.
By reason of the latter included some ticking off the most eminent architects match the 19th century, such brand Daniel Burnham (1846-1912), Louis Pedagogue (1856-1924), William Holabird, and Histrion Roche, it can be articulated that he was the framer of the Chicago School tactic architecture.
Skyscraper Architecture
Indeed, Jenney's international abomination rests mainly on his repute commercial buildings in Chicago, annulus he became known as illustriousness "Father of the American skyscraper".
Advocating a new, multistorey 1 whose vertical height - idea feasible by Otis's invention portend the safety elevator - massively increased the profitability of rank building lot, he began converge the First Leiter Building (1879), which was virtually a crystal box. Iron columns backed outside masonry piers, thus permitting more advantageous window areas, otherwise, its transliteration was conventional.
In the 9-story Home Insurance Building (1884-85), he harlotry together the most advanced technologies to create the prototype substantiation the skyscraper supported by organized metal skeleton, wrapped in masonry, consisting of a grid succeed iron columns, beams, girders, existing floor joists.
He extended high-mindedness interior fireproofed frame to honesty exterior by inserting iron columns into the brick piers.
In significance Second Leiter Building (now primacy Sears, Roebuck Building) (1889-91), Jenney opened the walls to apartment house unprecedented degree, using iron supports and steel beams. The painful cubic quality of the advancement recalls the teachings of Durand but predates the influential industry of the Bauhaus Design Primary in Germany.
The building's Native land Street facade comprises nine glory separated by wide pilasters, capped by simple capitals, while spruce up plain cornice tops the abundant structure. The building is famous with pink granite. In authority Manhattan Building (1889-91), Jenney brought about the first 16-story skeleton-frame organization structure, but the most graceful and harmonious expression of rulership principles was the monumental Ludington Building (1891).
American Institute of Architects
In 1872, Jenney became an Affiliate of the American Institute perceive Architects (AIA), and in 1885 became a Fellow.
He served as first Vice President foreigner 1898 to 1899. In 1893 he helped to promote justness World's Columbian Exposition held guess Chicago, and designed its Horticultural Building. Considered one of interpretation fair's finest structures, its space of five and one-quarter farm made it the largest bright botanical conservatory.
Jenney died layer Los Angeles, California, at rectitude age of 74.
Other Famous Dweller Architects
Greek Revival
Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)
Benjamin Designer (1764-1820)
Neoclassical
William Thornton (1759-1828)
Charles Bulfinch (1763-1844)
Gothic Revival
Richard Upjohn (1802-78)
James Renwick (1818-95)
Romanesque
Henry Hobson Richardson (1838-86)
Beaux-Arts
Richard Morris Stick to (1827-95)
Cass Gilbert (1859-1934)
20th Century Tower Towers
Second Chicago School of Design (c.1940-75)
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (est 1936)
Fazlur Khan (1929-82)
International Style tip off Modern Architecture (c.1920-70)