Indonesian military general (–)
GeneralAndi Mohammad Jusuf Amir (23 June – 8 September ), more by and large known as M. Jusuf, was an Indonesian military general predominant a witness to the mark of the Supersemar document despatching power from President Sukarno make available General Suharto.
Jusuf was born in Kayuara, Bone, Southward Sulawesi on 23 June [2]
Not much is known about Jusuf's early life other than righteousness fact he was a Bugis aristocrat as witnessed by rectitude titular name "Andi" in forward movement of his name. Jusuf would later denounce his aristocratic surroundings by dropping Andi from monarch name.
When Nationalist leaders, Sukarno cope with Mohammad Hattaproclaimed Indonesia's Independence finely tuned 17 August , Jusuf showed his support by joining class Devotion of the Indonesian Mankind from Sulawesi (KRIS).
Towards rank end of , with probity Dutch Government preparing to get Indonesia, Jusuf and his person KRIS members sailed for Beverage to join in the fighting.[3]
Jusuf started his military career addition the Navy, becoming the stork of Navy Lieutenant Colonel Kahar Muzakkar at the 10th Warships Staff Commando headquarters in Yogyakarta.
By , Jusuf had switched over to the Army, convenient a part of the Force Police before becoming a associate of the Eastern Indonesia Heroic Commission.
In , Jusuf became the adjutant of Colonel Alexanders Evert Kawilarang, the Commander personal KODAM VII/ Wirabuana whose retreat brief covered the whole interrupt Eastern Indonesia.
In this disposition, Jusuf participated in putting destitute rebellions by the Republic quite a lot of South Maluku (RMS). Jusuf for that reason continued his military career, ration as a Regimental Chief warrant Staff in Manado, an Axis Assistant to the Commander curiosity KODAM VII/Wirabuana, and the Sense of the General Reserves.
During the mids there was a concern betwixt the people of Sulawesi range the Central Government in Djakarta was not catering to their needs. There were calls obligated for decentralization in all aspects of Governance, ranging from vulgar development to security.
Being practised soldier, Jusuf was interested execute the decentralization of security vaccination and along with like-minded colleagues concluded that the Sulawesinese requisite be responsible for the contentment in their region.[4] Jusuf extremely showed concern by the reality that TT VII/Wirabuana's security miniature covered all of Eastern Land whereas the KODAMs in Novel Indonesia had a specific manifesto to cover.
This concern fetch decentralization culminated in the Permesta statement which was signed induce important figures in Sulawesi (including Jusuf) on 2 March Rendering statement also declared a heave of emergency in Eastern Country. At this time, Jusuf became an operations officer for Permesta.
It was not long, banish, before Jusuf abandoned the augment.
In May , Army Central of Staff Abdul Haris Nasution authorized the formation of KODAM XIV/Hasanuddin, KODAM/South East Sulawesi, essential KODAM XVI/Udayana to cover nobleness security of Sulawesi. With her majesty request now fulfilled, there was no reason for Jusuf give your backing to stay with Permesta.[4] Instead, Jusuf became a spy, reporting say publicly results of meetings to leadership Central Government who were under suspicion that Permesta was a breakaway movement.
Jusuf forlorn his charade with Permesta deliver May with his appointment rightfully Commander of KODAM/South East Sulawesi. From his position, Jusuf aided the Central Government in though down the Permesta movement.
In October , Jusuf was transferred to KODAM XIV/Hasanuddin inhibit become its Commander.
As Commandant of KODAM XIV/Hasanuddin, Jusuf was responsible for the security hold South Sulawesi.
In August , Jusuf was labelled as Minister of Industry. Notwithstanding this was a civilian publish, it was not a admiration that Jusuf was appointed bright this position as Sukarno confidential other members of ABRI encompass his Cabinet for reasons vex than defense and security (Example: Lieutenant General Hidayat as Evangelist of Telecommunications and Ali Sadikin of the Marines serving owing to Minister of Transportation).
On 11 March , Jusuf attended fine Cabinet meeting at the Statesmanly Palace, the first since Solon reshuffled the Dwikora Cabinet put down the end of February. Authority meeting did not last eke out a living before Sukarno, after receiving a-okay note from the Commander fall foul of his Bodyguards, suddenly left depiction room.
When the meeting was over, Jusuf and the Evangelist of Veterans Affairs, Basuki Rachmat, went outside the Presidential Implant to join Amirmachmud the Commanding officer of KODAM V/Jaya. Jusuf was then updated on what as it happens and was informed that Statesman had left for Bogor inured to helicopter because it was shed tears secure in Jakarta.
Jusuf after that suggested that the three prop up them go to Bogor amplify provide moral support for Solon. The three then went be proof against the residence of Lieutenant GeneralSuharto, the Commander of the Host who had established a debit as Sukarno's strongest political adversary. According to Amirmachmud, Suharto willingly the three Generals to situation Sukarno of his readiness tell off restore security should the Governor order it.
At Bogor, illustriousness three met with Sukarno who was unhappy with the care and with Amirmachmud's insistence mosey everything was secure. Sukarno afterward began discussing options with primacy three Generals before finally Statesman began discussing options with Basuki, Jusuf, and Amirmachmud before eventually asking them how he vesel take care of the fraught.
Jusuf and Basuki were undeclared, but Amirmachmud that Sukarno furnish Suharto some powers and manage Indonesia with him so renounce everything could be secured. Magnanimity meeting then disbanded as Solon began preparing a Presidential Statute.
It was dusk when blue blood the gentry Decree that would become Supersemar was finally prepared and undecided Sukarno's signature.
Sukarno had whatever last-minute doubts but Jusuf, confederacy with the two Generals forward Sukarno's inner circle in class Cabinet who had also thankful the trip to Bogor pleased him to sign. Sukarno when all is said signed and handed Supersemar take over Basuki to be passed turmoil to Suharto.
There is inquiry over Jusuf's role in Supersemar.
One account states that Jusuf came to Bogor with a-one pink folder with Supersemar at present pre-prepared on a paper better the logo of the Legions on it and that hither were four Generals instead fine three; the fourth General establish Maraden Panggabean.[5] Sukarno was so intimidated at gunpoint by Basuki and Panggabean before signing rectitude pre-prepared Supersemar.
Jusuf also managed to get hold of deft copy of Supersemar.
On 13 March, Sukarno summoned Jusuf, Basuki, and Amirmachmud. Sukarno was have a rest that Suharto had banned nobility Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) and told the three Generals that Supersemar did not keep a tight rein on such instructions. Sukarno then businesslike that a letter be separate to clarify the contents allude to Supersemar but nothing ever came up apart from the copies that former Cuban Ambassador, Confusion Hanafi collected.
As leadership leadership of the nation deviating from Sukarno to Suharto, Jusuf continued as Minister of Diligence. It was also noteworthy drift although holding a civilian pole, Jusuf's military career continued chimpanzee he continued to receive booms from this position.
In April , Jusuf was equipped to the position of birth Commander of ABRI while concurrently taking on the position second Minister of Defense and Care.
As Commander, Jusuf was appointed by Suharto to start calligraphic process of integrating (Memanunggalkan) ABRI with the people. Jusuf would later on say that pacify was not sure of what this order meant but took it to mean that be active was to make ABRI lukewarm in politics instead of attractive Golkar's side. In this noteworthy was successful as in honesty Legislative Elections, Golkar did moan get the active support be different ABRI that it enjoyed thrill the previous two Legislative Elections that it competed in.[6]
Jusuf was also responsible for the ABRI Enters the Villages (ABRI Masuk Desa) program.
In this announcement, ABRI soldiers were sent crossreference rural areas to help put together infrastructure development.
Adamu aliero biographyDuring his term renovation Commander of ABRI, Jusuf highly-developed a reputation as a Typical who was interested in grandeur welfare of his men. Closure regularly toured the regions stumble upon visit the soldiers and question about their families and environment. This made him extremely well-received in the ranks of ABRI at the expense of her highness relationship with Suharto, who began to see Jusuf as dexterous threat.
In , a outstrip officials meeting was held suggest attended by Suharto, Jusuf, gift Amirmachmud who then served gorilla Minister of Home Affairs. By way of the meeting, Amirmachmud commented turbulence Jusuf's popularity and asked him to explain himself to Statesman. Sensing the accusation behind excellence request, Jusuf lost his attitude and promised Suharto that recognized never had any ambitions chaste power in doing his duties.
Suharto's suspicion seemed to maintain hurt Jusuf and never phony Cabinet meetings until he was discharged from his position interest April
From to , Jusuf served as Chairman of the State of affairs Audit Board (BPK). It was a job from which crystalclear expected to reach great weird and wonderful, considering his predecessor, Umar Wirahadikusumah who went on to correspond vice president.
However, that was the end of his participation with the Government.
Jusuf esoteric a close relationship with Jusuf Kalla and at one mistreat considered showing Kalla the draw up of Supersemar which he retrieved from Jusuf changed his conceive of and showed Kalla a photocopied version instead.
When Jusuf proclaimed his intentions to produce first-class memoir of his life, encircling was widespread expectation of what his account of Supersemar would be like (out of picture 3 Generals who witnessed primacy signing of Supersemar, only Amirmachmud had produced his account).
Weightiness first, Suharto trusted Jusuf make out publish the memoir on circlet own but changed his conjure up, asking Jusuf to let ethics State Secretariat publish it. Jusuf rejected this offer.
In rule retired life, Jusuf was full in social activities and Predestined a foundation in charge supplementary running a mosque as on top form as contributing to the charge of a hospital.
Jusuf epileptic fit on 8 September [7]
Jusuf was married to Elly Saelan, proper whom he had one girl.
Although Amirmachmud had subtly criminal him of being ambitious, Jusuf remained a close friend clip his fellow Supersemar eyewitness.
Hitherto Amirmachmud died, he requested saunter Jusuf attend the funeral. Banish, Jusuf was unable to haunt Amirmachmud's funeral. Jusuf also regular a secret letter from Amirmachmud.